SQL queries used to derive information from database tables imply that at a minimum authorized individuals must have access to the...

SQL queries used to derive information from database tables imply that at a minimum authorized individuals must have access to the tables and the data in order to use the queries.  This raises questions about internal and external access, direct or remote, vulnerability to compromise, corruption, data integrity or misuse of data as well as how to restrict and protect data while still providing the required information to those who require access.  What are some of the possible solutions that can be applied to data to provide security for data at multiple levels?  List at least 3-4 and explain any advantages and risks involved.